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Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem
The Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem ((ギリシア語:Πατριαρχεῖον Ἱεροσολύμων), ''Patriarcheîon Hierosolýmōn''; (アラビア語:كنيسة الروم الأرثوذكس في القدس) ''Kanisatt Ar-rum al-Urtudoks fi al-Quds'', literally "Church of the Rûm Orthodox in Jerusalem"), also known as the Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem, is an autocephalous Orthodox Church within the wider communion of Orthodox Christianity. Headed by the Patriarch of Jerusalem, it is regarded by Orthodox Christians as the mother church of all of Christendom. Christians believe that it was in Jerusalem that the Church was established on the day of Pentecost with the descent of the Holy Spirit on the disciples of Jesus Christ () and that the Gospel of Christ spread from Jerusalem. The Church celebrates its liturgy in the Byzantine Rite, whose original language is Koine Greek, and follows its own calendar of feasts, preserving the Julian calendar (that is thirteen days behind the Western (Gregorian) calendar). It is also often called "Σιωνίτις Εκκλησία" ((ギリシア語:Sionitis Ecclesia), i.e. the "Church of Zion").
The number of Orthodox Christians in the Holy Land is estimated at about 500,000. A majority of Church members are Palestinians and Jordanians, and there are also many Russians, Romanians, and Georgians. The Church's hierarchy is dominated by Greek clergy, which in effect excludes the Arab majority from the Church's upper ranks. This has been a point of endless contention between Greeks in the patriarchate, who are backed in this regard by the Greek government and the Turkey-based Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, and the native Palestinian clergy- some of whom seek to nationalize their Church's leadership. (see Arab Orthodox).
The headquarters of the Orthodox Church in Jerusalem is the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
==Land holdings==
The Orthodox Church has extensive property holdings in Jerusalem and throughout Israel and the Palestinian territories. In addition to numerous churches, seminaries and other properties used for religious purposes, church property holdings include the land on which the Knesset and the prime minister's residence are located, as well as an array of historic buildings in Jerusalem's Old City, including the Imperial and Petra hotels inside the Jaffa Gate of the Old City.〔Jerusalem Post: (Court freezes recognition of Greek Patriarch )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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